A nanostructure surface can create propagating bounded surface waves upon light wave illumination. When the spatial frequency k-vector of the surface structure matches the propagation constant of the bounded surface waves, optical resonance occurs. The lateral optical resonance enables confinement of light near the surface as well as spectral selective optical transmission, reflection, and absorption at the resonance frequency. In the past decade, numerous optical filters and sensors, were reported by using surface nanostructure resonance, including localized surface plasmon resonance, guided mode resonance and etc. This session focuses on recent research progresses on dielectric, metal, semiconductor, and 2D material nanostructure surfaces for realizing optical filters, biosensors, nonlinear optics, and solar energy harvesting applications. Deep learning machine design of surface nanostructures is the topic of particular interest for this session.